NEW YORK - Kurt Vonnegut, the satirical novelist who captured the absurdity of war and questioned the advances of science in darkly humorous works such as ?Slaughterhouse-Five? and ?Cat?s Cradle,? died Wednesday. He was 84.

Vonnegut, who often marveled that he had lived so long despite his lifelong smoking habit, had suffered brain injuries after a fall at his Manhattan home weeks ago, said his wife, photographer Jill Krementz.

The author of at least 19 novels, many of them best-sellers, as well as dozens of short stories, essays and plays, Vonnegut relished the role of a social critic. He lectured regularly, exhorting audiences to think for themselves and delighting in barbed commentary against the institutions he felt were dehumanizing people.

?I will say anything to be funny, often in the most horrible situations,? Vonnegut, whose watery, heavy-lidded eyes and unruly hair made him seem to be in existential pain, once told a gathering of psychiatrists.

A self-described religious skeptic and freethinking humanist, Vonnegut used protagonists such as Billy Pilgrim and Eliot Rosewater as transparent vehicles for his points of view. He also filled his novels with satirical commentary and even drawings that were only loosely connected to the plot. In ?Slaughterhouse-Five,? he drew a headstone with the epitaph: ?Everything was beautiful, and nothing hurt.?

But much in his life was traumatic, and left him in pain.

Despite his commercial success, Vonnegut battled depression throughout his life, and in 1984, he attempted suicide with pills and alcohol, joking later about how he botched the job.

His mother had succeeded in killing herself just before he left for Germany during World War II, where he was quickly taken prisoner during the Battle of the Bulge. He was being held in Dresden when Allied bombs created a firestorm that killed an estimated 135,000 people in the city.

?The firebombing of Dresden explains absolutely nothing about why I write what I write and am what I am,? Vonnegut wrote in ?Fates Worse Than Death,? his 1991 autobiography of sorts.

But he spent 23 years struggling to write about the ordeal, which he survived by huddling with other POW?s inside an underground meat locker labeled slaughterhouse-five.

The novel, in which Pvt. Pilgrim is transported from Dresden by time-traveling aliens from the planet Tralfamadore, was published at the height of the Vietnam War, and solidified his reputation as an iconoclast.

?He was sort of like nobody else,? said Gore Vidal, who noted that he, Vonnegut and Norman Mailer were among the last writers around who served in World War II.

?He was imaginative; our generation of writers didn?t go in for imagination very much. Literary realism was the general style. Those of us who came out of the war in the 1940s made sort of the official American prose, and it was often a bit on the dull side. Kurt was never dull.?

Vonnegut was born on Nov. 11, 1922, in Indianapolis, a ?fourth-generation German-American religious skeptic Freethinker,? and studied chemistry at Cornell University before joining the Army.

When he returned, he reported for Chicago?s City News Bureau, then did public relations for General Electric, a job he loathed. He wrote his first novel, ?Player Piano,? in 1951, followed by ?The Sirens of Titan,? ?Canary in a Cat House? and ?Mother Night,? making ends meet by selling Saabs on Cape Cod.

Novels impossible to ignore
Critics ignored him at first, then denigrated his deliberately bizarre stories and disjointed plots as haphazardly written science fiction. But his novels became cult classics, especially ?Cat?s Cradle? in 1963, in which scientists create ?ice-nine,? a crystal that turns water solid and destroys the earth.

Many of his novels were best-sellers. Some also were banned and burned for suspected obscenity. Vonnegut took on censorship as an active member of the PEN writers? aid group and the American Civil Liberties Union. The American Humanist Association, which promotes individual freedom, rational thought and scientific skepticism, made him its honorary president.

His characters tended to be miserable anti-heroes with little control over their fate. Pilgrim was an ungainly, lonely goof. The hero of ?God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater? was a sniveling, obese volunteer fireman.

Vonnegut said the villains in his books were never individuals, but culture, society and history, which he said were making a mess of the planet.

?We probably could have saved ourselves, but we were too damned lazy to try very hard ... and too damn cheap,? he once suggested carving into a wall on the Grand Canyon, as a message for flying-saucer creatures.

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the best writer of our time.

Quote from: jking;141994

the best writer of our time.

15 Things Kurt Vonnegut Said Better Than Anyone Else Ever Has Or Will

Reviewed by Scott Gordon, Josh Modell, Noel Murray, Sean O\'Neal, Tasha Robinson, Kyle Ryan
April 23rd, 2007

1. "I urge you to please notice when you are happy, and exclaim or murmur or think at some point, \'If this isn\'t nice, I don\'t know what is.\'"

The actual advice here is technically a quote from Kurt Vonnegut\'s "good uncle" Alex, but Vonnegut was nice enough to pass it on at speeches and in A Man Without A Country. Though he was sometimes derided as too gloomy and cynical, Vonnegut\'s most resonant messages have always been hopeful in the face of almost-certain doom. And his best advice seems almost ridiculously simple: Give your own happiness a bit of brainspace.

2. "Peculiar travel suggestions are dancing lessons from God."

In Cat\'s Cradle, the narrator haplessly stumbles across the cynical, cultish figure Bokonon, who populates his religious writings with moronic, twee aphorisms. The great joke of Bokononism is that it forces meaning on what\'s essentially chaos, and Bokonon himself admits that his writings are lies. If the protagonist\'s trip to the island nation of San Lorenzo has any cosmic purpose, it\'s to catalyze a massive tragedy, but the experience makes him a devout Bokononist. It\'s a religion for people who believe religions are absurd, and an ideal one for Vonnegut-style humanists.

3. "Tiger got to hunt, bird got to fly; Man got to sit and wonder, \'Why, why, why?\' Tiger got to sleep, bird got to land; Man got to tell himself he understand."

Another koan of sorts from Cat\'s Cradle and the Bokononist religion (which phrases many of its teachings as calypsos, as part of its absurdist bent), this piece of doggerel is simple and catchy, but it unpacks into a resonant, meaningful philosophy that reads as sympathetic to humanity, albeit from a removed, humoring, alien viewpoint. Man\'s just another animal, it implies, with his own peculiar instincts, and his own way of shutting them down. This is horrifically cynical when considered closely: If people deciding they understand the world is just another instinct, then enlightenment is little more than a pit-stop between insoluble questions, a necessary but ultimately meaningless way of taking a sanity break. At the same time, there\'s a kindness to Bokonon\'s belief that this is all inevitable and just part of being a person. Life is frustrating and full of pitfalls and dead ends, but everybody\'s gotta do it.

4. "There\'s only one rule that I know of, babies—God damn it, you\'ve got to be kind."

This line from God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater comes as part of a baptismal speech the protagonist says he\'s planning for his neighbors\' twins: "Hello, babies. Welcome to Earth. It\'s hot in the summer and cold in the winter. It\'s round and wet and crowded. At the outside, babies, you\'ve got about a hundred years here. There\'s only one rule that I know of, babies—God damn it, you\'ve got to be kind." It\'s an odd speech to make over a couple of infants, but it\'s playful, sweet, yet keenly precise in its summation of everything a new addition to the planet should need to know. By narrowing down all his advice for the future down to a few simple words, Vonnegut emphasizes what\'s most important in life. At the same time, he lets his frustration with all the people who obviously don\'t get it leak through just a little.

5. "She was a fool, and so am I, and so is anyone who thinks he sees what God is doing."

A couple of pages into Cat\'s Cradle, protagonist Jonah/John recalls being hired to design and build a doghouse for a lady in Newport, R.I., who "claimed to understand God and His Ways of Working perfectly." With such knowledge, "she could not understand why anyone should be puzzled about what had been or about what was going to be." When Jonah shows her the doghouse\'s blueprint, she says she can\'t read it. He suggests taking it to her minister to pass along to God, who, when he finds a minute, will explain it "in a way that even you can understand." She fires him. Jonah recalls her with a bemused fondness, ending the anecdote with this Bokonon quote. It\'s a typical Vonnegut zinger that perfectly summarizes the inherent flaw of religious fundamentalism: No one really knows God\'s ways.

6. "Many people need desperately to receive this message: \'I feel and think much as you do, care about many of the things you care about, although most people do not care about them. You are not alone.\'"

In this response to his own question—"Why bother?"—in Timequake, his last novel, Vonnegut doesn\'t give a tired response about the urge to create; instead, he offers a pointed answer about how writing (and reading) make a lonesome world a little less so. The idea of connectedness—familial and otherwise—ran through much of his work, and it\'s nice to see that toward the end of his career, he hadn\'t lost the feeling that words can have an intimate, powerful impact.

7. "There are plenty of good reasons for fighting, but no good reason ever to hate without reservation, to imagine that God Almighty Himself hates with you, too."

Though this quote comes from the World War II-centered Mother Night (published in 1961), its wisdom and ugly truth still ring. Vonnegut (who often said "The only difference between Bush and Hitler is that Hitler was elected") was righteously skeptical about war, having famously survived the only one worth fighting in his lifetime. And it\'s never been more true: Left or right, Christian or Muslim, those convinced they\'re doing violence in service of a higher power and against an irretrievably inhuman enemy are the most dangerous creatures of all.

8. "Since Alice had never received any religious instruction, and since she had led a blameless life, she never thought of her awful luck as being anything but accidents in a very busy place. Good for her."

Vonnegut\'s excellent-but-underrated Slapstick (he himself graded it a "D") was inspired by his sister Alice, who died of cancer just days after her husband was killed in an accident. Vonnegut\'s assessment of Alice\'s character—both in this introduction and in her fictional stand-in, Eliza Mellon Swain—is glowing and remarkable, and in this quote from the book\'s introduction, he manages to swipe at a favorite enemy (organized religion) and quietly, humbly embrace someone he clearly still missed a lot.

9. "That is my principal objection to life, I think: It\'s too easy, when alive, to make perfectly horrible mistakes."

The narrator delivering this line at the end of the first chapter of Deadeye Dick is alluding both to his father\'s befriending of Hitler and his own accidental murder of his neighbor, but like so many of these quotes, it resonates well beyond its context. The underlying philosophy of Vonnegut\'s work was always that existence is capricious and senseless, a difficult sentiment that he captured time and again with a bemused shake of the head. Indeed, the idea that life is just a series of small decisions that culminate into some sort of "destiny" is maddening, because you could easily ruin it all simply by making the wrong one. Ordering the fish, stepping onto a balcony, booking the wrong flight, getting married—a single misstep, and you\'re done for. At least when you\'re dead, you don\'t have to make any more damn choices. Wherever Vonnegut is, he\'s no doubt grateful for that.

10. "Literature should not disappear up its own ****, so to speak."

Vonnegut touchstones like life on Tralfamadore and the absurd Bokononist religion don\'t help people escape the world so much as see it with clearer reason, which probably had a lot to do with Vonnegut\'s education as a chemist and anthropologist. So it\'s unsurprising that in a "self-interview" for The Paris Review, collected in his non-fiction anthology Palm Sunday, he said the literary world should really be looking for talent among scientists and doctors. Even when taking part in such a stultifying, masturbatory exercise for a prestigious journal, Vonnegut was perfectly readable, because he never forgot where his true audience was.

11. "All persons, living and dead, are purely coincidental."

In Vonnegut\'s final novel, 1997\'s Timequake, he interacts freely with Kilgore Trout and other fictional characters after the end of a "timequake," which forces humanity to re-enact an entire decade. (Trout winds up too worn out to exercise free will again.) Vonnegut writes his own fitting epigram for this fatalistic book: "All persons, living and dead, are purely coincidental," which sounds more funny than grim. Vonnegut surrounds his characters—especially Trout—with meaninglessness and hopelessness, and gives them little reason for existing in the first place, but within that, they find liberty and courage.

12. "Why don\'t you take a flying **** at a rolling doughnut? Why don\'t you take a flying **** at the mooooooooooooon?"

Even when Vonnegut dared to propose a utopian scheme, it was a happily dysfunctional one. In Slapstick, Wilbur Swain wins the presidency with a scheme to eliminate loneliness by issuing people complicated middle names (he becomes Wilbur Daffodil-11 Swain) which make them part of new extended families. He advises people to tell new relatives they hate, or members of other families asking for help: "Why don\'t you take a flying **** at a rolling doughnut? Why don\'t you take a flying **** at the mooooooooooooon?" Of course, this fails to prevent plagues, the breakdown of his government, and civil wars later in the story.

13. "So it goes."

Unlike many of these quotes, the repeated refrain from Vonnegut\'s classic Slaughterhouse-Five isn\'t notable for its unique wording so much as for how much emotion—and dismissal of emotion—it packs into three simple, world-weary words that simultaneously accept and dismiss everything. There\'s a reason this quote graced practically every elegy written for Vonnegut over the past two weeks (yes, including ours): It neatly encompasses a whole way of life. More crudely put: "**** happens, and it\'s awful, but it\'s also okay. We deal with it because we have to."

14. "I have been a soreheaded occupant of a file drawer labeled \'science fiction\' ever since, and I would like out, particularly since so many serious critics regularly mistake the drawer for a urinal."

Vonnegut was as trenchant when talking about his life as when talking about life in general, and this quote from an essay in Wampeters, Foma & Granfalloons is particularly apt; as he explains it, he wrote Player Piano while working for General Electric, "completely surrounded by machines and ideas for machines," which led him to put some ideas about machines on paper. Then it was published, "and I learned from the reviewers that I was a science-fiction writer." The entire essay is wry, hilarious, and biting, but this line stands out in particular as typifying the kind of snappishness that made Vonnegut\'s works so memorable.

15. "We must be careful about what we pretend to be."

In Mother Night, apolitical expatriate American playwright Howard W. Campbell, Jr. refashions himself as a Nazi propagandist in order to pass coded messages on to the U.S. generals and preserve his marriage to a German woman—their "nation of two," as he calls it. But in serving multiple masters, Campbell ends up ruining his life and becoming an unwitting inspiration to bigots. In his 1966 introduction to the paperback edition, Vonnegut underlines Mother Night\'s moral: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be." That lesson springs to mind every time a comedian whose shtick relies on hoaxes and audience-baiting—or a political pundit who traffics in shock and hyperbole—gets hauled in front of the court of public opinion for pushing the act too far. Why can\'t people just say what they mean? It\'s a question Don Imus and Michael Richards—and maybe someday Ann Coulter—must ask themselves on their many sleepless nights.

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